Syphilis

What exactly is syphilis?

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a bacterium. You can contract it through unprotected sexual contact with someone who has syphilis. The bacterium enters your body through small cuts or mucous membranes, for example in the penis, vagina, anus or mouth.

How does syphilis usually progress?

Syphilis usually develops in several stages. In the early stage, you may notice a painless sore at the site where the bacterium entered your body. This can heal without treatment, but the bacterium remains in your body. You may then develop a rash or other symptoms. Without treatment, syphilis can cause serious damage to organs years later.

What are the symptoms and typical complaints of syphilis?

The first symptom is usually a painless sore, often on or around the genitals, anus or mouth. Later, you may develop a rash, often on the torso, palms of the hands or soles of the feet. You may also experience fever, sore throat, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes or fatigue. Some people experience few or no symptoms, meaning the infection can remain unnoticed.

How can you contract syphilis?

You can contract syphilis through sexual contact with someone who is infected, for example through vaginal, anal or oral sex. Kissing someone who has a sore in their mouth can also carry a risk. The risk of infection is higher during unprotected sexual contact.

How common is syphilis and are there specific risk groups?

Syphilis is not very common in the Netherlands, but the number of cases has increased in recent years. It is particularly seen among men who have sex with men, people with multiple sexual partners and people who have unprotected sex. People with another STI also have a higher risk.

How can you prevent syphilis?

You can reduce the risk of infection by practising safer sex: always use a condom, including during oral sex. Get tested regularly if you have multiple or changing sexual partners. Discuss STIs and test results with your sexual partners.

Which hygiene or behavioural measures reduce the risk of syphilis?

Use condoms and dental dams during sexual contact. Wash your hands after sexual contact, particularly if you have been in contact with sores or ulcers. Limiting the number of sexual partners and getting tested regularly if you are sexually active with multiple people can also reduce the risk.

How can you prevent further transmission if you have syphilis?

If you have syphilis, inform your sexual partners so that they can also get tested. Avoid sexual contact until you have completed treatment and a doctor has confirmed that you are no longer infectious.

Can syphilis be treated, and if so, how?

Syphilis can be treated effectively with antibiotics, usually administered by injection. It is important to complete the treatment and have follow-up testing to monitor the response to treatment. The earlier treatment is started, the lower the risk of permanent complications.

This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice from a doctor. If your symptoms persist or you are concerned, always contact your doctor. dan altijd contact op met je huisarts.