What does an anaemia test involve?
An anaemia test is a medical test that checks whether you may have anaemia. It measures, among other things, the levels of haemoglobin (Hb), iron and ferritin in your blood.
- Haemoglobin (Hb) is a protein in your red blood cells that transports oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body.
- Iron is needed to produce haemoglobin. Without enough iron, your body cannot produce enough red blood cells containing haemoglobin.
- Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in your body, mainly in the liver and bone marrow and, to a lesser extent, in your blood. Your ferritin level therefore provides a good indication of your body’s iron stores.
If your ferritin level is too low, this usually indicates an iron deficiency, which can cause anaemia.
What is tested in an anaemia test?
An anaemia test measures several blood markers:
- Haemoglobin (Hb) – to determine whether your blood has sufficient oxygen-carrying capacity.
- Iron – to assess whether there is enough iron available to produce haemoglobin.
- Ferritin – to provide insight into your body’s iron stores.
Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia. That is why this test looks not only at Hb, but also at your iron status. The results can help indicate whether anaemia or an iron deficiency may be present and provide insight into possible causes.
What is anaemia?
Anaemia means that you have too few healthy red blood cells or that your red blood cells contain too little haemoglobin. As a result, less oxygen can be transported throughout your body, which can cause symptoms such as:
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
- Pale skin
- Heart palpitations
The most common cause of anaemia is iron deficiency. However, anaemia can also be caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid, chronic diseases or blood loss. Approximately one-third of a red blood cell consists of haemoglobin, which also gives your blood its red colour.

